Architextual — Series: Lorem Ipsum

Lorem Ipsum Inline Markup

Matthew Bryant — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 20:21:42 +0000

Inline Formatting tests

Margin note 3. Inline formatting: Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Smallcaps¹ Span. Internal link. External link. External italicized bolded bold italicized then smallcaps’d (with bonus code) link. Superscript¹. Subscript₂. • Interpunct separation. • ~~Strikethrough~~.

Margin note 3. Inline formatting: Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Smallcaps Span. Internal link. External link. External italicized bolded bold italicized then smallcaps’d (with bonus code) link. Superscript¹. Subscript₂. • Interpunct separation. • ~~Strikethrough~~.

Inline italics then code then bold then smallcaps in link. (Entire link: code⁠.)

In blockquotes:

Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Smallcaps² Span. Internal link. External link. External italicized
bolded bold italicized then smallcaps’d (with bonus code) link. Superscript¹. Subscript₂. • Interpunct separation. • ~~Strikethrough~~.

Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Smallcaps³ Span. Internal link. External link. External italicized
bolded bold italicized then smallcaps’d (with bonus code) link. Superscript¹. Subscript₂. • Interpunct separation. • ~~Strikethrough~~.

Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Smallcaps⁴ Span. Internal link. External link.
External italicized bolded bold italicized then smallcaps’d (with bonus code) link. Superscript¹. Subscript₂. • Interpunct separation. • ~~Strikethrough~~.

Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Smallcaps⁵ Span. Internal link. External link.
External italicized bolded bold italicized then smallcaps’d (with bonus code) link. Superscript¹. Subscript₂. • Interpunct separation. • ~~Strikethrough~~.

Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Smallcaps⁶ Span. Internal link. External link.
External italicized bolded bold italicized then smallcaps’d (with bonus code) link. Superscript¹. Subscript₂. • Interpunct separation. •
~~Strikethrough~~.

Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Smallcaps⁷ Span. Internal link. External link.
External italicized bolded bold italicized then smallcaps’d (with bonus code) link. Superscript¹. Subscript₂. • Interpunct separation. •
~~Strikethrough~~.

Adding text to see if I can get it to re-render. More tests! Did this work?

Long Lines

Hyphenation: pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism floccinaucinihilipilification antidisestablishmentarianism supercalifragilisticexpialidocious incomprehensibilities strengths euouae unimaginatively honorificabilitudinitatibus sesquipedalianism otorhinolaryngological immunoelectrophoretically psychophysicotherapeutics thyroparathyroidectomized pneumoencephalographically radioimmunoelectrophoresis psychoneuroendocrinological hepaticocholangiogastrostomy spectrophotofluorometrically.
Slashes: Cwm/fjord/veg/balks/nth/pyx/quiz. Bortz/waqf/glyphs/vex/muck/djinn. PR/flacks/quiz/gym:/TV/DJ/box/when? Zing,/dwarf/jocks/vex/lymph,/Qutb. Zing,/vext/cwm/fly/jabs/Kurd/qoph.
URLs/Code: https://gwern.substack.com/ • https://www.patreon.com/gwern • https://fis.fda.gov/sense/app/d10be6bb-494e-4cd2-82e4-0135608ddc13/sheet/45beeb74-30ab-46be-8267-5756582633b4/state/analysis • https://forum.evageeks.org/post/366709/Im-calling-it-right-now/#366709 • https://www.reddit.com/r/TOUHOUMUSIC/search/?q=author%3Agwern&sort=new&restrict_sr=on&t=all • https://forum.evageeks.org/post/366717/Im-calling-it-right-now/#366717 • https://forum.evageeks.org/post/366731/Im-calling-it-right-now/#366731 • https://www.thiswaifudoesnotexist.net/ • https://www.lesswrong.com/tag/inside-outside-view • https://predictionbook.com/users/gwern • https://www.reddit.com/r/Vocaloid/search/?q=author%3Agwern&sort=new&restrict_sr=on&t=all • https://forum.evageeks.org/post/366565/Im-calling-it-right-now/#366565 • https://forum.evageeks.org/post/558013/EOE-OST-Title-Translations/#558013
Citations (should not break in the middle but as an unit): Foo 1990, Foo & Bar 1991, Foo & Quux 1992, Foo et al 1993, Foo 1994, Foo et al 1995, Foo 1996, Foo et al 1997, Foo et al 1998, Foo et al 1999, Foo et al 2000, Foo et al 2001, Foo et al 2002, Foo et al 2003, Foo et al 2004, Foo et al 2005, Foo et al 2006, Foobar 2007, Baz et al 2008, Foo et al 2009, Quux et al 2010, Foo 2011, Foo & Bar 2012, Foo & Quux 2013, Foo et al 2014, Foo et al 2015, Foo et al 2016, Foobar 2017, Baz et al 2018, Quux et al 2019, Foo & Quux 2020, Foo et al 2021, Foo et al 2022, Foo et al 2023.

This also tests whether the citations are properly subscripted.

Accents

Serif test cases (default):

Dépôt Légal : Q4-1989-01969. ISBN (éd. orig.).

Précieux éclairage sur l’un de ces organismes de recherche restés jusqu’ici méconnus, M. Trente a rendu à la communauté savante un service insigne, mettant en lumière. Espérée de la postérité, des érudits œuvrent sans relâche en à un autre de ces hauts lieux. Université T. U. O. T. (retraité à Chavignolles (Bouvard et Pécuchet))

Sans-serif test cases (Source Sans 3):

Dépôt Légal : Q4-1989-01969. ISBN (éd. orig.).

Smallcaps

Alphabet in smallcaps:

capitals: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
lowercase: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

Manual smallcaps (alternating):

Yar Pirate Ipsum. Prow Scuttle Parrel Provost. Sail Ho Shrouds Spirits Boom Mizzenmast Yardarm. Pinnace Holystone Mizzenmast Quarter Crow’s Nest Nipperkin Grog Yardarm Hempen Halter Furl. Swab Barque Interloper Chantey Doubloon Starboard Grog Black Jack Gangway Rutters. Trysail Sail Ho Corsair Red Ensign Hulk Smartly Boom Jib Rum Gangway. Ford To City: ‘Drop Dead’.

Subscript+Superscript

R₂³ = 0.6499
h₁^men = 0.56, h₂^women = 0.54
Average number of articles read on the browser NumArticles_Browser^it by subscribers and non-subscribers

Date Subscripts

One reason I’m interested in the date subscript idea is that I already try to be consistent with commas to distinguish years from numbers which happen to fall in the range 1,000–2,100. (What about years whose number form wouldn’t have a comma, and they are ambiguous, like ‘999’ the number vs ‘AD 999’? There aren’t many of those on Gwern.net so they’ll just have to be marked up manually or possibly the regexp match made more complicated to match an AD/BC suffix). (Chittka et al., 2025)

So hypothetically I can mark up years differently from numbers, and ranges as well.

A date ‘1500’ (which is not the number ‘1,500’) can be subscripted 1500~524ya~ while a ‘1,500’ is ignored; and a date-range like ‘the third Swiss-Franco incursion (1549–1603) led to…’ can be marked up as both a sub and superscript, say, like 1549 to tell you at a glance that this war lasted an epic half century half a millennium ago. (Dobzhansky, 1973)

So it’d go:

single non-date number: nothing
single date number: subscript years-ago

Ranges and years-ago are rounded like inflation, to keep them workable for large ones, like in archaeology or anthropology or evolution where you might have a 10 million year range 100 million years ago.
double non-date number range: superscript range
double date number: superscript range, subscript years-ago.

Test-cases for using subscripts to annotate dates with auto-generated time spans to avoid the ‘context collapse’ or ‘eternal present’ problem as temporal intuitions seem to be breaking down.

WWII was 1939^–_6y1945_81ya, or more specifically, 1939-09-01^–_6y1945-09-02_81ya.

The end of WWII was 1945. It is now 2025. It used to be 2009. Whereas in the year 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue. RIPE Sir Thomas Browne (1605-10^–_77y1682-10_344ya).

Hirohito reigned 1926^–_63y1989_37ya. The first atomic bombing to surrender speech interval was 1945-08-06–1945-08-15_81ya. Then 1945-08-15–1945-10-09_81ya saw the new cabinet. In the 1900s, Neon Genesis Evangelion: 1995-10-04–1996-03-27_30ya, or sim1995-10-1996-03.
There were 1,700-2,001 ships available for moe anthropomorphism. 999. 1. 55. 2. 2600. 0. 3-2-1-0. 2000s.

Numbers

Old-style numbers (default for inline use):

0123456789 0,123,456,789. 1,234.567890. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9.

Tabular numbers (override):

0123456789 0,123,456,789. 1,234.567890. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. Q4-1989-01969. ISBN (éd. orig.) 0-571-10012-Z

Numbers in links here (lining rather than old-style, to avoid skipping ink):

9,876,543,210.

Dates (YYYY-MM-DD):

2020-09-29_6ya
1970-01-01^–_52y2022-01-19_4ya
1970-01-01^–_52y2022-01-19_4ya
2025-09-28_1ya
AD 673_1353ya
1500 BC_3526ya
1986-12-22_39ya
1549_477ya
1986_40ya
673_1353ya
984 BCE_3010ya
984 BC_3010ya
200,000 BC_202kya
1.4 million BC_1.4mya

There was a brief period after 1549 in which the dark ages began and millions of people dies. I’m not sure if the time since 1986 has been the same. Does a third date inclusion of 1972 matter?

Math (inline)

$E = mc^2$ as long as $E = \frac{1}{2}$

$\phi = \frac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2}$

Water’s formula is $H_2O$ and Einstein wrote $E = mc^2$.

Adjusted fractions: $\frac{123}{456}$. $\frac{1234}{5678}$. $\frac{1}{2345}$. $\frac{1234}{5}$.

Not-adjusted fractions: $\frac{a}{b}$. $\frac{1}{log(n)}$. $\frac{log(n)}{pi}$. $\frac{1,234}{2}$. $\frac{1}{234,567}$.

$\LaTeX$ inline: If $E$ then $mc^2$? Regular version: If E then mc²? (See also logotypes: $\TeX$)

Run-together equals signs: $1,000=1,000,000; $2=2x1$; $1+2=3$; $1+2 \neq 40,000,000$.

$\newcommand{\latex}{\LaTeX}$ Now use $\latex$ anywhere.

$\dfrac{a}{b}$ - display-style fraction
$\tfrac{a}{b}$ - text-style fraction

Link Icons

YouTube
GitHub
Wikipedia
Google Scholar
PLoS
NLM-NCBI

Footnote number one. Testing an incredibly long footnote. I used to read old weight training books. In one of them the author proudly recalled how his secretary had asked him for advice on how to lose weight. This guy went around studying all the secretaries and noticed that the thin ones sat more upright compared to the fat ones. He then recommended to his secretary that she sit more upright, and if she did this she would lose weight. What I loved most about that whole story was that the guy was so proud of his analysis and conclusion that he made it an entire chapter of his book, and that no one in the entire publishing chain from the writer to the editor to the proofreader to the librarian who put the book on the shelves noticed any problems with any of it.
Footnote number two. Testing an incredibly long footnote.
Testing?! Testing an incredibly long footnote with features.
This is a mosaic image, one of the largest ever taken by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, of the Crab Nebula, a six-light-year-wide expanding remnant of a star’s supernova explosion.

Name Role Status

Alice Engineer Active

Bob Designer Away

\[\mathcal{O}(\log(n)) \equiv \mathbb{E}[1]\]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam tincidunt cursus ex at consectetur. Nam quis accumsan est. Morbi tristique quam porttitor tempus imperdiet. In et nunc lacinia, molestie enim vel, pellentesque orci. Donec eget vehicula lorem, ut dapibus nulla. Quisque condimentum, erat id laoreet molestie, ante nunc ornare lorem, in pulvinar diam erat tincidunt risus. Suspendisse a finibus nisl. Curabitur feugiat quis nisl et scelerisque. Aenean consequat faucibus lacus, aliquet auctor erat.

Fusce cursus purus a pellentesque euismod. In at vestibulum dolor. Nulla id dictum sapien. Mauris rhoncus nisi id neque viverra aliquet. Aenean suscipit sem lacus, sed venenatis risus viverra ac. Suspendisse porttitor elit mauris, sit amet dignissim massa efficitur laoreet. Praesent vel arcu consequat, tincidunt velit at, porttitor massa. Praesent lacinia rutrum convallis. Suspendisse elementum ipsum non justo venenatis sagittis. Etiam in elementum sapien, a iaculis quam. Quisque sem ligula, luctus in mauris id, venenatis mollis est. Sed velit diam, suscipit non aliquam vitae, feugiat eu nisi.

Aenean ultricies, libero quis ultrices fermentum, nulla erat commodo tortor, in faucibus nibh ante in tellus. Integer tincidunt purus sed magna vehicula, ac tincidunt lectus aliquam. Cras turpis neque, auctor ac venenatis vel, dapibus vel nulla. Vestibulum gravida turpis ac lacus accumsan, in placerat purus pharetra. Integer tristique mi iaculis ante auctor egestas. Duis justo sapien, facilisis sed malesuada vel, malesuada quis lorem. Maecenas sagittis pulvinar tellus, quis venenatis lacus vestibulum non. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nulla id mauris urna.

Integer a ultricies lectus. Vivamus eleifend, neque nec egestas faucibus, ipsum tortor lacinia nunc, eu faucibus magna lorem sed velit. Vestibulum convallis est ut ex pulvinar commodo. Cras commodo rhoncus nisi, eu blandit ligula sagittis sit amet. Aenean interdum arcu sed viverra interdum. Vestibulum diam mauris, facilisis sit amet consequat sed, eleifend nec eros. Mauris mollis ligula erat, sagittis porttitor libero molestie vel. Ut bibendum mauris sit amet arcu pretium, sagittis bibendum urna tempus. Proin bibendum dui vel velit gravida varius.

Morbi pretium condimentum neque, quis consectetur nisi dignissim at. In congue nulla ac porttitor vehicula. Ut gravida egestas libero, ut consequat enim dictum a. Vestibulum ornare eu tortor vel dignissim. Proin sodales lectus vel velit varius, eget semper erat ultrices. In fringilla egestas lectus fermentum molestie. Donec nec nisl at quam efficitur commodo sit amet a ante. Pellentesque malesuada efficitur ornare. Nullam vel turpis sit amet odio pellentesque varius nec quis turpis. Donec suscipit, erat vitae bibendum blandit, felis lectus interdum tellus, at interdum velit ex at tortor.

Morbi pretium condimentum neque, quis consectetur nisi dignissim at. In congue nulla ac porttitor vehicula. Ut gravida egestas libero, ut consequat enim dictum a. Vestibulum ornare eu tortor vel dignissim. Proin sodales lectus vel velit varius, eget semper erat ultrices. In fringilla egestas lectus fermentum molestie. Donec nec nisl at quam efficitur commodo sit amet a ante. Pellentesque malesuada efficitur ornare. Nullam vel turpis sit amet odio pellentesque varius nec quis turpis. Donec suscipit, erat vitae bibendum blandit, felis lectus interdum tellus, at interdum velit ex at tortor.

Aenean ultricies, libero quis ultrices fermentum, nulla erat commodo tortor, in faucibus nibh ante in tellus. Integer tincidunt purus sed magna vehicula, ac tincidunt lectus aliquam. Cras turpis neque, auctor ac venenatis vel, dapibus vel nulla. Vestibulum gravida turpis ac lacus accumsan, in placerat purus pharetra. Integer tristique mi iaculis ante auctor egestas. Duis justo sapien, facilisis sed malesuada vel, malesuada quis lorem. Maecenas sagittis pulvinar tellus, quis venenatis lacus vestibulum non. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nulla id mauris urna.
Shorter
Short
Sh

Name	Role	Status
Alice	Engineer	Active
Bob	Designer	Away

References

Chittka, L., Skeels, S., Dyakova, O., & Janbon, M. (2025). The exploration of consciousness in insects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 380(1939), rstb20240302. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0302
Dobzhansky, T. (1973). Nothing in Biology Makes Sense except in the Light of Evolution. The American Biology Teacher, 35(3), 125–129. https://doi.org/10.2307/4444260
[PDF]

Lorem Ipsum Block Elements

Matthew Bryant — Thu, 18 Dec 2025 00:35:34 +0000

Block Elements

Lists test

Unordered list hierarchy (3-levels):

First
- Second
  - Third
    - Fourth
      - Fifth
        
        Sixth

Ordered list hierarchy:

First
Second
1. Third
2. Fourth
  1. Fifth
  2. Sixth
    1. Seventh
    2. Eighth
      1. Ninth
      2. Tenth
        
        Eleventh
        
        Twelfth

Mixed lists:

First
1. Second
  - Third
    1. Fourth
      - Fifth
        
        Sixth

First
- Second
  1. Third
    - Fourth
      1. Fifth
        
        Sixth

Blockquote:

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth

Testing multiple items at each level:

One
- Two
Three
Four
- Five
- Five (again?)
Six
Seven
Eight
- Nine
  - Ten
  - Eleven
- Twelve
  - Thirteen
  - Fourteen
    - Fifteen
    - Sixteen

One
1. Two
Three
Four
1. Five
2. Five (again?)
Six
Seven
Eight
1. Nine
  1. Ten
  2. Eleven
2. Twelve
  1. Thirteen
  2. Fourteen
    1. Fifteen
    2. Sixteen

One
1. Two
Three
Four
1. Five
2. Five (again?)
Six
Seven
Eight
1. Nine
  - Ten
  - Eleven
2. Twelve
  - Thirteen
  - Fourteen
    1. Fifteen
    2. Sixteen

One
- Two
Three
Four
- Five
- Five
Six
Seven
Eight
- Nine
  1. Ten
  2. Eleven
- Twelve
  1. Thirteen
  2. Fourteen
    - Fifteen
    - Sixteen

Test list-continuation vs new paragraph indentation confusion example:

When the commissionaire had gone, Holmes took up the stone and held it against the light. “It’s a bonny thing,” said he. “Just see how it glints and sparkles. Of course it is a nucleus and focus of crime. Every good stone is. They are the devil’s pet baits. In the larger and older jewels every facet may stand for a bloody deed. This stone is not yet twenty years old. It was found in the banks of the Amoy River in southern China and is remarkable in having every characteristic of the carbuncle, save that it is blue in shade instead of ruby red. In spite of its youth, it has already a sinister history. There have been two murders, a vitriol-throwing, a suicide, and several robberies brought about for the sake of this forty-grain weight of crystallised charcoal. Who would think that so pretty a toy would be a purveyor to the gallows and the prison? I’ll lock it up in my strong box now and drop a line to the Countess to say that we have it.”

“Do you think that this man Horner is innocent?”

“I cannot tell.”

“Well, then, do you imagine that this other one, Henry Baker, had anything to do with the matter?”
“It is, I think, much more likely that Henry Baker is an absolutely innocent man, who had no idea that the bird which he was carrying was of considerably more value than if it were made of solid gold. That, however, I shall determine by a very simple test if we have an answer to our advertisement.”

“And you can do nothing until then?”

“Nothing.”

“In that case I shall continue my professional round. But I shall come back in the evening at the hour you have mentioned, for I should like to see the solution of so tangled a business.”

“Very glad to see you. I dine at seven. There is a woodcock, I believe. By the way, in view of recent occurrences, perhaps I ought to ask Mrs. Hudson to examine its crop.”
I had been delayed at a case, and it was a little after half-past six when I found myself in Baker Street once more. As I approached the house I saw a tall man in a Scotch bonnet with a coat which was buttoned up to his chin waiting outside in the bright semicircle which was thrown from the fanlight. Just as I arrived the door was opened, and we were shown up together to Holmes’ room.

“Mr. Henry Baker, I believe,” said he, rising from his armchair and greeting his visitor with the easy air of geniality which he could so readily assume. “Pray take this chair by the fire, Mr. Baker. It is a cold night, and I observe that your circulation is more adapted for summer than for winter. Ah, Watson, you have just come at the right time. Is that your hat, Mr. Baker?”

When Dottie was an adult, she adopted two baby alligators without knowing quite what to do with them. So she left them in her bathtub until she could decide how to proceed. The next day she was out doing errands when her maid let herself in. Dottie returned to an uncleaned apartment and a note: “Dear Madam. I am leaving, as I cannot work in a house with alligators. I would have told you this before, but I never thought the subject would come up.” [This paragraph should look like a new paragraph after the list ended, not a continuation of the third list item.]

Blockquotes

Consecutive blockquotes:

Margin note 2. Waltz, nymph, for quick jigs vex Bud. Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow! Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. Glib jocks quiz nymph to vex dwarf. Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz. The five boxing wizards jump quickly. How vexingly quick daft zebras jump! Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim. Two driven jocks help fax my big quiz. The jay, pig, fox, zebra and my wolves quack! Sympathizing would fix Quacker objectives. A wizard’s job is to vex chumps quickly in fog. Watch Jeopardy!, Alex Trebek’s fun TV quiz game. By Jove, my quick study of lexicography won a prize! Waxy and quivering, jocks fumble the pizza.

Another, longer blockquote. Waltz, nymph, for quick jigs vex Bud. Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow. Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. Glib jocks quiz nymph to vex dwarf. Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz. The five boxing wizards jump quickly. How vexingly quick daft zebras jump! Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim. Two driven jocks help fax my big quiz. The jay, pig, fox, zebra and my wolves quack! Sympathizing would fix Quacker objectives. A wizard’s job is to vex chumps quickly in fog. Watch Jeopardy!, Alex Trebek’s fun TV quiz game. By Jove, my quick study of lexicography won a prize! Waxy and quivering, jocks fumble the pizza. Fetching killjoy Mavis Wax was probed on the quay. “Yo, never mix Zoloft with Quik”, gabs Doc Jasper. One zany quaff is vodka mixed with grape juice and blood. Zitty Vicki smugly quipped in her journal, “Fay waxes her butt.” Hot Wendy gave me quasi-Kreutzfeld-Jacob pox. Jack’s pervy moxie quashed Bob’s new Liszt fugue. I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. (Chittka et al., 2025; Dobzhansky, 1973) Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fax. Two phony quacks of God bi-exorcize evil mojo.

Nested blockquotes (3-levels):

With tenure, Suzie’d have all the more leisure for yachting, but her publications are no good. Shaw, those twelve beige hooks are joined if I patch a young, gooey mouth. Are those shy Eurasian footwear, cowboy chaps, or > jolly earthmoving headgear? The beige hue on the waters of the loch impressed all, including the French queen, before she heard that symphony again, just as young Arthur wanted.

With tenure, Suzie’d have all the more leisure for yachting, but her publications are no good. Shaw, those twelve beige hooks are joined if I patch a young, gooey mouth. Are those shy Eurasian footwear, cowboy chaps,
or jolly earthmoving headgear? The beige hue on the waters of the loch impressed all, including the French queen, before she heard that symphony again, just as young Arthur wanted.

With tenure, Suzie’d have all the more leisure for yachting, but her publications are no good. Shaw, those twelve beige hooks are joined if I patch a young, gooey mouth. Are those shy Eurasian footwear, cowboy
chaps, or jolly earthmoving headgear? The beige hue on the waters of the loch impressed all, including the French queen, before she heard that symphony again, just as young Arthur wanted.

With tenure, Suzie’d have all the more leisure for yachting, but her publications are no good. Shaw, those twelve beige hooks are joined if I patch a young, gooey mouth. Are those shy Eurasian footwear, cowboy
chaps, or jolly earthmoving headgear? The beige hue on the waters of the loch impressed all, including the French queen, before she heard that symphony again, just as young Arthur wanted.

With tenure, Suzie’d have all the more leisure for yachting, but her publications are no good. Shaw, those twelve beige hooks are joined if I patch a young, gooey mouth. Are those shy Eurasian footwear, cowboy
chaps, or jolly earthmoving headgear? The beige hue on the waters of the loch impressed all, including the French queen, before she heard that symphony again, just as young Arthur wanted.

With tenure, Suzie’d have all the more leisure for yachting, but her publications are no good. Shaw, those twelve beige hooks are joined if I patch a young, gooey mouth. Are those shy Eurasian footwear, cowboy
chaps, or jolly earthmoving headgear? The beige hue on the waters of the loch impressed all, including the French queen, before she heard that symphony again, just as young Arthur wanted.

Floated blockquote:

With tenure, Suzie’d have all the more leisure for yachting, but her publications are no good. Shaw, those twelve beige hooks are joined if I patch a young, gooey mouth. Are those shy Eurasian footwear, cowboy
chaps, or jolly earthmoving headgear? The beige hue on the waters of the loch impressed all, including the French queen, before she heard that symphony again, just as young Arthur wanted.

Vivamus mattis condimentum posuere. Waltz, nymph, for quick jigs vex Bud. Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow. Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. Glib jocks quiz nymph to vex dwarf. Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz. The five boxing wizards jump quickly. How vexingly quick daft zebras jump! Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim. Overlapping? Two driven jocks help fax my big quiz. The jay, pig, fox, zebra and my wolves quack! Sympathizing would fix Quacker objectives. A wizard’s job is to vex chumps quickly in fog. Watch Jeopardy!, Alex Trebek’s fun TV quiz game. By Jove, my quick study of lexicography won a prize! Waxy and quivering, jocks fumble the pizza. Fetching killjoy Mavis Wax was probed on the quay. “Yo, never mix Zoloft with Quik”, gabs Doc Jasper. One zany quaff is vodka mixed with grape juice and blood. Zitty Vicki smugly quipped in her journal, “Fay waxes her butt.” Hot Wendy gave me quasi-Kreutzfeld-Jacob pox. Jack’s pervy moxie quashed Bob’s new Liszt fugue. Do these overlap I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fax. (Chittka et al., 2025) Two phony quacks of God bi-exorcize evil mojo. End margin note.

Ut neque purus, congue non luctus id, accumsan egestas leo. Curabitur efficitur sem est, id semper mauris aliquet eget. Curabitur semper, nisl et volutpat sodales, est metus scelerisque mauris, id viverra lorem sem ut nisl. Vestibulum sed consequat metus. Aenean pretium sit amet tellus quis posuere. Proin commodo massa ipsum, non maximus mi faucibus in. Phasellus id tristique massa, sed rutrum nisl. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra.

Horizontal Rulers

HTML Rulers:

First ruler (should be sun):

Ruler (second, should be dotted-moon):

Another ruler (third, should be stars/asterism – custom icon, loosely inspired by our Source Serif Pro star list icon):

The rulers also provide a handy source of astronomical symbolism in use on several pages.

Markdown rulers:

Second:

Third:

Math (Block)

\[E = mc^2\]

\[\mathcal{O}(\log(n)) \equiv \mathbb{E}[1]\]

\[\mathbb{E}[x_{i}]\approx \mu+\sigma\Phi^{-1}\left(\frac{i}{N+1}\right)\left[1+\frac{\left(\frac{i}{N+1}\right)\left(1-\frac{i}{N+1}\right)}{2(N+2)\left[\phi\left[\Phi^{-1}\left(\frac{i}{N+1}\right)\right]\right]^{2}}\right]\]

\[P(a|b) = \frac{P(b|a) \cdot P(a)}{(P(b|a) \cdot P(a)) + (P(b|\lnot a) \cdot P(\lnot a))} = \frac{0.05 \cdot 0.9}{((0.05 \cdot 0.9) + (0.95 \cdot 0.1))} = \frac{0.045}{((0.05 \cdot 0.9) + (0.95 \cdot 0.1))} = \frac{0.045}{(0.045 + (0.95 \cdot 0.1))} = \frac{0.045}{(0.045 + 0.095)} = \frac{0.045}{0.14} = 0.32\]

Color emphasis:

\[\color{red}{\text{red}}(x)\]

\[\color{blue}{\mathcal{O}(\log(n))} \equiv \color{red}{\mathbb{E}[1]}\]

Epigraphs

Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae abillo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo.

— Cicero (§1.10.32 of De finibus bonorum et malorum, 45 BC)

The possibilities of developing an atomic weapon and the desirability of doing it secretly were discussed at a Princeton University conference in which I participated in March 1939…Bohr said this rare variety could not be separated from common uranium except by turning the country into a gigantic factory. Bohr was worried that this could be done and that an atomic bomb could be developed—but he hoped that neither could be accomplished. Years later, when Bohr came to Los Alamos, I was prepared to say, “You see . . .” But before I could open my mouth, he said: “You see, I told you it couldn’t be done without turning the whole country into a factory. You have done just that.”

— Edward Teller

— Mtbry

Your humble & obedient servant,
Gwern Branwen
Esquire, KA, ESTC, Adv. Lyc., C.O.B.E., L.L.C, MD, DPhil, Eur Ing

Multiple centered paragraphs.

Adding for content change.

Paragraph the second.

Paragraph tertius.

Multi-Columns

First step
Second step
Third step
Fourth step
Fifth step
Sixth step

First step
Second step
Third step
Fourth step
Fifth step
Sixth step
Seventh step
Eighth step
Ninth step
Tenth step

Tables

Right	Left	Center	Default
12	12	12	12
123	123	123	123
1	1	1	1

Vivamus mattis condimentum posuere. Waltz, nymph, beauty, for quick jigs vex Bud. Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow. Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. Glib jocks quiz nymph to vex dwarf. Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz. The five boxing wizards jump quickly. How vexingly quick daft zebras jump! Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim. Overlapping? Two driven jocks help fax my big quiz. The jay, pig, fox, zebra and my wolves quack! Sympathizing would fix Quacker objectives. A wizard’s job is to vex chumps quickly in fog. Watch Jeopardy!, Alex Trebek’s fun TV quiz game. By Jove, my quick study of lexicography won a prize! Waxy and quivering, jocks fumble the pizza. Fetching killjoy Mavis Wax was probed on the quay. “Yo, never mix Zoloft with Quik”, gabs Doc Jasper. One zany quaff is vodka mixed with grape juice and blood. Zitty Vicki smugly quipped in her journal, “Fay waxes her butt.” Hot Wendy gave me quasi-Kreutzfeld-Jacob pox. Jack’s pervy moxie quashed Bob’s new Liszt fugue. Do these overlap I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fax. Two phony quacks of God bi-exorcize evil mojo. End margin note.

Table: Here’s the caption. It, too, may span
multiple lines.
Centered Header	Default Aligned	Right Aligned	Left Aligned
First	row	12.0	Example of a row that spans multiple lines.
Second	row	5.0	Here’s another one. Note the blank line between rows.

Sample grid table.
Fruit	Price	Advantages
Bananas	$1.34	built-in wrapper bright color
Oranges	$2.10	cures scurvy tasty

Location	Temperature 1961-1990 in degree Celsius
Location	min	mean	max
Antarctica	-89.2	N/A	19.8
Earth	-89.2	14	56.7

Name	Age	City
John	30	NYC
Jane	25	LA
Bob	35	SF

Right	Left	Default	Center
12	12	12	12
123	123	123	123
1	1	1	1

Vivamus mattis condimentum posuere. Waltz, nymph, for quick jigs vex Bud. Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow. Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. Glib jocks quiz nymph to vex dwarf. Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz. The five boxing wizards jump quickly. How vexingly quick daft zebras jump! Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim. Overlapping? Two driven jocks help fax my big quiz. The jay, pig, fox, zebra and my wolves quack! Sympathizing would fix Quacker objectives. A wizard’s job is to vex chumps quickly in fog. Watch Jeopardy!, Alex Trebek’s fun TV quiz game.¹ By Jove, my quick study of lexicography won a prize! Waxy and quivering, jocks fumble the pizza. Fetching killjoy Mavis Wax was probed on the quay. “Yo, never mix Zoloft with Quik”, gabs Doc Jasper. One zany quaff is vodka mixed with grape juice and blood. Zitty Vicki smugly quipped in her journal, “Fay waxes her butt.” Hot Wendy gave me quasi-Kreutzfeld-Jacob pox. Jack’s pervy moxie quashed Bob’s new Liszt fugue. Do these overlap I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fax. Two phony quacks of God bi-exorcize² evil mojo. End margin note.

Long description of sortable table that is full-width. Here be ghosts. Long description of sortable table that is full-width. Here be ghosts. Long description of sortable table that is full-width. Here be ghosts. Long description of sortable table that is full-width. Here be ghosts. Long description of sortable table that is full-width. Here be ghosts.
Variant	Old	Total: n (%)	10–31 March	1–6 April	7–9 April	10–17 April	18–30 April	1–11 May	12–31 May	1–8 June
none	FALSE	17,648 (16.01%)	1,189 (19.26%)	3607 (13.97%)	460 (17.39%)	1,182 (16.58%)	3444 (17.04%)	2,397 (14.39	%) 3997 (17.3	9%) 2,563 (16.35%)
none	TRUE	8009 (23.65%)	578 (24.91%) 1	,236 (22.09%)	226 (20.35%)	570 (23.86%)	1,364 (27.05%)	1,108 (23.83%	) 2,142 (22.4	6%) 1,363 (23.84%)
gray1	FALSE	1,7579 (16.28%)	1,177 (19.71%)	3471 (14.06%)	475 (13.47%)	1,200 (17.33%)	3567 (17.49%)	2,365 (13.57	%) 3896 (18.1	7%) 2,605 (17.24%)
gray1	TRUE	7694 (23.85%)	515 (28.35%) 1	,183 (23.58%)	262 (21.37%)	518 (21.43%)	1,412 (26.56%)	1,090 (24.86%	) 2,032 (22.6	9%) 1,197 (23.56%)
gray3	FALSE	1,4871 (15.81%)	1,192 (18.29%)	3527 (14.15%)	446 (15.47%)	1,160 (15.43%)	3481 (17.98%)	2,478 (14.65	%) 3776 (16.2	6%) 3 (33.33%)
gray3	TRUE	6631 (23.06%)	600 (24.83%) 1	,264 (21.52%)	266 (18.05%)	638 (21.79%)	1,447 (25.22%)	1,053 (24.60%	) 1,912 (23.1	7%) 51 (5.88%)
blues	FALSE	1,0844 (15.34%)	1,157 (18.93%)	3470 (14.35%)	449 (16.04%)	1,214 (15.57%)	3346 (17.54%)	2,362 (13.46	%) 3 (0.0	0%)
blues	TRUE	4544 (23.04%)	618 (27.18%) 1	,256 (23.81%)	296 (20.27%)	584 (22.09%)	1,308 (24.46%)	1,052 (22.15%	) 48 (12.50	%)
gray2	FALSE	8646 (15.51%)	1,220 (20.33%)	3649 (13.81%)	416 (15.14%)	1,144 (15.03%)	3433 (17.54%)	4 (0.00%)
gray2	TRUE	3366 (22.82%)	585 (22.74%) 1	,271 (21.79%)	230 (16.52%)	514 (21.60%)	1,298 (25.42%)	44 (27.27%)	6 (0.00%	) 3 (0.00%)
dark	FALSE	5240 (14.05%)	1,224 (20.59%)	3644 (13.83%)	420 (13.81%)	1,175 (14.81%)	1 (0.00%)
dark	TRUE	2,161 (20.59%)	618 (21.52%)	1,242 (20.85%)	276 (21.74%)	574 (20.56%)	64 (10.94%)	1 (0.00%)	2 (0.00%	) 2 (50.00%)
gray6	FALSE	4022 (13.30%)	1,153 (19.51%)	3610 (12.88%)	409 (17.11%)	1 (0.00%)	2 (0.00%)	3 (0.00%)
gray6	TRUE	1,727 (20.61%)	654 (23.70%)	1,358 (22.02%)	259 (18.92%)	95 (7.37%)	11 (9.09%)		1 (0.00%	)
gray5	FALSE	3245 (12.20%)	1,175 (16.68%)	3242 (12.21%)	3 (0.00%)
gray5	TRUE	1,180 (21.53%)	559 (25.94%)	1,130 (21.77%)	34 (17.65%)	16 (12.50%)
gray4	FALSE	1,176 (18.54%)	1,174 (18.57%)	1,174 (18.57%	)		2 (0.00%)
gray4	TRUE	673 (19.91%)	650 (20.31%) 6	69 (20.03%)		1 (0.00%)	1 (0.00%)	2 (0.00%)
		137,438 (18.27%)

Vivamus mattis condimentum posuere. Waltz, nymph, for quick jigs vex Bud. Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow. Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. Glib jocks quiz nymph to vex dwarf. Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz. The five boxing wizards jump quickly. How vexingly quick daft zebras jump! Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim. Overlapping? Two driven jocks help fax my big quiz. The jay, pig, fox, zebra and my wolves quack! Sympathizing would fix Quacker objectives. A wizard’s job is to vex chumps quickly in fog. Watch Jeopardy!, Alex Trebek’s fun TV quiz game. By Jove, my quick study of lexicography won a prize! Waxy and quivering, jocks fumble the pizza. Fetching killjoy Mavis Wax was probed on the quay. “Yo, never mix Zoloft with Quik”, gabs Doc Jasper. One zany quaff is vodka mixed³ with grape juice and blood. Zitty Vicki smugly quipped in her journal, “Fay waxes her butt.” Hot Wendy gave me quasi-Kreutzfeld-Jacob pox. Jack’s pervy moxie quashed Bob’s new Liszt fugue. Do these overlap I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fax. Two phony quacks of God bi-exorcize evil mojo. End margin note.

Images

Vivamus mattis condimentum posuere. Waltz, nymph, for quick jigs vex Bud. Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow. Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. Glib jocks quiz nymph to vex dwarf. Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz. The five boxing wizards jump quickly. How vexingly quick daft zebras jump! Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim. Overlapping? Two driven jocks help fax my big quiz. The jay, pig, fox, zebra and my wolves quack! Sympathizing would fix Quacker objectives. A wizard’s job is to vex chumps quickly in fog. Watch Jeopardy!, Alex Trebek’s fun TV quiz game. By Jove, my quick study of lexicography won a prize! Waxy and quivering, jocks fumble the pizza. Fetching killjoy Mavis Wax was probed on the quay. “Yo, never mix Zoloft with Quik”, gabs Doc Jasper. One zany quaff is vodka mixed⁴ with grape juice and blood. Zitty Vicki smugly quipped in her journal, “Fay waxes her butt.” Hot Wendy gave me quasi-Kreutzfeld-Jacob pox. Jack’s pervy moxie quashed Bob’s new Liszt fugue. Do these overlap I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fax. Two phony quacks of God bi-exorcize evil mojo. End margin note.

Mauris justo nunc, lobortis sed sapien nec, ullamcorper dapibus mi. Quisque ex magna, feugiat ac fermentum sit amet, maximus interdum odio. Praesent nec neque feugiat, maximus libero a, dignissim justo. Vivamus ultrices massa ac ex varius, at faucibus magna sodales. Nam ut volutpat quam. Mauris eleifend ac dolor sit amet volutpat. Morbi blandit tristique massa, id bibendum risus blandit et. Ut varius erat dignissim eros dignissim commodo. Sed commodo, tortor sit amet finibus laoreet, diam nibh convallis leo, quis porttitor nulla elit eu urna. Nam auctor commodo nisi, non scelerisque magna. Aliquam lacinia elit vel nisl ultrices rhoncus. Donec ac accumsan felis, vel sagittis enim.

Vivamus vitae eros rutrum, pulvinar nibh sit amet, sagittis odio. Donec nulla neque, ultrices et libero quis, hendrerit vestibulum turpis. Curabitur vehicula viverra imperdiet. Nam tempus rhoncus velit. Nunc vulputate consequat leo quis imperdiet. Etiam sem dui, consectetur molestie cursus pharetra, malesuada quis neque. Mauris tincidunt rhoncus purus. Integer sed tellus a ex tempor faucibus ac malesuada velit. Aenean laoreet augue eros, sed volutpat elit finibus ac.

Proin nec mauris non nisl vehicula volutpat. Integer lectus arcu, rutrum in lorem ut, pulvinar feugiat metus. Nulla hendrerit mi id mi rhoncus mollis. Fusce vitae purus ac sem cursus suscipit. Aenean auctor nunc in orci fringilla aliquet. Donec consequat mauris lectus, sit amet sollicitudin nunc elementum vel. Sed tristique ipsum lacus. Aliquam erat volutpat. Nulla varius nulla porta sem commodo, sollicitudin elementum diam hendrerit.

Vestibulum at tristique est. Etiam varius sagittis sapien ac varius. Donec dictum mi nec risus pharetra, et semper metus facilisis. Proin et est et ex convallis suscipit ullamcorper suscipit nisi. Donec sed enim ac sapien placerat consequat fermentum sit amet leo. Quisque et tempus sapien. Ut mollis iaculis posuere. Pellentesque sit amet sagittis quam, ac cursus magna. Sed tincidunt erat sem, ornare bibendum leo porttitor sed.

This is a mosaic image, one of the largest ever taken by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, of the Crab Nebula, a six-light-year-wide expanding remnant of a star’s supernova explosion.

Testing footnotes
I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fax. I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fa. I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fa.
Testing another footnote. I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fa. I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fa. I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fa.
Testing another footnote. I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fa. I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fa. I backed Zevy’s qualms over Janet’s wig of phlox. Tipsy Bangkok panjandrums fix elections with quivering zeal. Mexican juntas, viewed in fog, piqued Zachary, killed Rob. Jaywalking Zulu chieftains vex probate judge Marcy Quinn. Twenty-six Excedrin helped give Jocko quite a firm buzz. Racy pics of bed hijinx with glam queen sunk Val. Why Paxil? Jim’s Bodega stocked no quince-flavor Pez. Wavy-haired quints of El Paz mock Jorge by fa.

References

Chittka, L., Skeels, S., Dyakova, O., & Janbon, M. (2025). The exploration of consciousness in insects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 380(1939), rstb20240302. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0302
Dobzhansky, T. (1973). Nothing in Biology Makes Sense except in the Light of Evolution. The American Biology Teacher, 35(3), 125–129. https://doi.org/10.2307/4444260
[PDF]

Lorem Ipsum Headers

Matthew Bryant — Fri, 19 Dec 2025 19:31:22 +0000

Headers

“The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog”

0123456789

Standard

Standard 2

Standard 3

Standard 4

Standard 5

Standard 6

Italics 1

Italics 2

Italics 3

Italics 4

Italics 5

Italics 6

Bold 1

Bold 2

Bold 3

Bold 4

Bold 5

Bold 6

Bold Italics 1

Bold Italics 2

Bold Italics 3

Bold Italics 4

Bold Italics 5

Bold Italics 6

Decisions transformers: Preference learning as simple as possible

A long section header.

Discriminator ranking: using a trained discriminator to rank and clean data

An even longer section header.

Through the looking-glass section, and what CSS bugs Alice may have found there

A third long section header.

Lorem Ipsum Admonitions

Matthew Bryant — Fri, 19 Dec 2025 19:39:13 +0000

Tip Title

Tip.
Margin note 3. Inline formatting: Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Code link. Smallcaps. Span. Internal link. External link.⁠ Superscript¹. Subscript₂. • Interpunct separation. • ~~Strikethrough~~.

No tip title.
Inline formatting: Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Code link. Smallcaps.2 Span. Internal link. External link.⁠ Superscript1. Subscript2. • Interpunct separation. • Strikethrough.

No tip title.

Note Title

Note.
Did you know that the “Slender Man” copypasta contributed to an attempted murder? Code link.

No note title.
Inline formatting: Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Code link. Smallcaps.2 Span. Internal link. External link.⁠ Superscript1. Subscript2. • Interpunct separation. • Strikethrough.

Warning Title

Warning. For background on admonitions, see Markdeep. Bored? Look at images generated by DALL·E 1. Code link.

No Warning Title

Warning. For background on admonitions, see Markdeep. Bored? Look at images generated by DALL·E 1. Code link.

No warning title.

Error.

Inline formatting: Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Code link. Smallcaps.3 Span. Internal link. External link.⁠ Superscript1. Subscript2. • Interpunct separation. • Strikethrough.

No error title.
Margin note 3. Inline formatting: Italics. Bold. Bold italics. Code. Code link. Smallcaps.3 Span. Internal link. External link.⁠ Superscript1. Subscript2. • Interpunct separation. • Strikethrough.

No error title

Lorem Ipsum Citations

Matthew Bryant — Sun, 12 Apr 2026 16:50:39 +0000

Bibliography & Citations Reference

This post serves as both a working example and complete documentation of the bibliography and citation system. Every citation syntax variant, locator type, and rendering behavior is demonstrated with real sources. The references section at the bottom of this post is auto-generated from the citations used throughout the text. How is this? Modifying to add features, again! And, again! One more! Test

Prerequisites: Creating the Sources in Django, webapp

Before this post will render correctly, the following sources must exist in Admin > Engine > Sources. You can create them manually or import them from Zotero. For each source, leave the Citation key blank and it will auto-generate from the author, year, and title. Modification testing the renderer.

Citations Used for Demonstration Purposes Only

Note that the citations within this page are for illustrative purposes only and do no represent real sources.

Source 1 — Journal Article:

Title: The Neural Basis of Decision Making Under Uncertainty
Type: Journal Article
Authors: [{"family": "Chen", "given": "Wei"}, {"family": "Nakamura", "given": "Yuki"}]
Issued date: {"date-parts": [[2024, 6, 15]]}
Container title: Nature Neuroscience
Volume: 27
Issue: 6
Page: 1042-1058
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01632-4
URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-024-01632-4

Source 2 — Book:

Title: Thinking in Systems: A Primer
Type: Book
Authors: [{"family": "Meadows", "given": "Donella H."}]
Editors: [{"family": "Wright", "given": "Diana"}]
Issued date: {"date-parts": [[2008]]}
Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing
Publisher place: White River Junction, VT
ISBN: 978-1603580557

Source 3 — Book Chapter:

Title: Bayesian Approaches to Clinical Trials
Type: Book Chapter
Authors: [{"family": "Spiegelhalter", "given": "David J."}, {"family": "Freedman", "given": "Laurence S."}, {"family": "Parmar", "given": "Mahesh K. B."}]
Issued date: {"date-parts": [[1994]]}
Container title: Bayesian Statistics 5
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Page: 357-386
Editors: [{"family": "Bernardo", "given": "José M."}]

Source 4 — Web Page:

Title: Attention Is All You Need: A Retrospective
Type: Web Page
Authors: [{"family": "Vaswani", "given": "Ashish"}, {"family": "Shazeer", "given": "Noam"}, {"family": "Parmar", "given": "Niki"}]
Issued date: {"date-parts": [[2023, 12, 4]]}
Container title: Google Research Blog
URL: https://research.google/blog/attention-is-all-you-need
Accessed date: {"date-parts": [[2025, 3, 10]]}

Source 5 — Conference Paper:

Title: Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models
Type: Conference Paper
Authors: [{"family": "Kaplan", "given": "Jared"}, {"family": "McCandlish", "given": "Sam"}, {"family": "Henighan", "given": "Tom"}, {"family": "Brown", "given": "Tom B."}]
Issued date: {"date-parts": [[2020]]}
Container title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning
Publisher: PMLR
DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2001.08361

Source 6 — Report (Institutional Author):

Title: Global Risks Report 2024
Type: Report
Authors: [{"literal": "World Economic Forum"}]
Issued date: {"date-parts": [[2024, 1]]}
Publisher: World Economic Forum
Publisher place: Geneva
URL: https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-risks-report-2024

Source 7 — Thesis:

Title: Emergent Complexity in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Environments
Type: Thesis
Authors: [{"family": "Okonkwo", "given": "Adaeze"}]
Issued date: {"date-parts": [[2023]]}
Publisher: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Publisher place: Cambridge, MA

Basic Parenthetical Citations

The simplest and most common citation form places the reference in parentheses at the end of a clause or sentence. Write [@key] where key is the source’s citation key.

Recent work in computational neuroscience has revealed unexpected parallels between artificial and biological neural networks, suggesting that the optimization landscapes explored by gradient descent may share structural features with those navigated by synaptic plasticity (Chen & Nakamura, 2024). This finding builds on decades of systems-level thinking about feedback loops and emergent behavior in complex adaptive systems (Meadows, 2008).

The conference paper that introduced scaling laws for neural language models has since become one of the most cited works in the field (Kaplan et al., 2020). Meanwhile, institutional reports continue to highlight the intersection of technological risk and global governance (World Economic Forum, 2024).

Multiple sources can confirm a point when placed together. The convergence of Bayesian methods and modern machine learning represents one of the most productive cross-pollinations in recent scientific history (Spiegelhalter et al., 1994). Doctoral work has further extended these ideas into multi-agent settings (Okonkwo, 2023).

Page and Location References

When citing a specific passage, add a locator after the key, separated by a comma. The system recognizes standard locator prefixes and formats them according to the active citation style.

Page Numbers

Single page references use p. and page ranges use pp.:

The authors define their core framework in the methods section, establishing the experimental protocol that all subsequent analyses depend on (Chen & Nakamura, 2024, p. 1045). The results across all three experimental conditions are summarized in a single comprehensive table (Chen & Nakamura, 2024, pp. 1050–1054). The distinction between leverage points in systems is perhaps Meadows’ most lasting contribution to the field (Meadows, 2008, pp. 145–165).

Chapter References

Use ch. or chap. for chapter-level references:

The opening chapter provides an accessible introduction to the concept of stocks and flows that requires no mathematical background (Meadows, 2008, Chapter 1). Later chapters build on this foundation with increasingly sophisticated models of system dynamics (Meadows, 2008, Chapter 5).

Section References

Use sec. for section-level references:

The discussion of prior elicitation is particularly relevant for practitioners working with limited historical data (Spiegelhalter et al., 1994, Section 3).

Volume References

Use vol. for multi-volume works:

The broader series covers the full history of the Bayesian statistics conference proceedings, with each volume representing a biennial meeting (Spiegelhalter et al., 1994, Volume 5).

Figure References

Use fig. for specific figures:

The attention heatmap visualization demonstrates how the model allocates computational resources across input tokens (Vaswani et al., 2023, Figure 2).

Paragraph References

Use para. for paragraph-level precision:

The retrospective opens with a personal anecdote about the moment the team realized their architecture would generalize beyond machine translation (Vaswani et al., 2023, para. 3).

Line and Note References

Use l. for line references and n. for notes:

The footnote on experimental methodology deserves close reading, as it contains a crucial caveat about the generalizability of the results (Chen & Nakamura, 2024, Note 14).

Narrative (In-Text) Citations

When the author’s name is part of the sentence structure, use a bare @key without brackets. The author name appears in the running text with only the year parenthesized.

(Chen & Nakamura, 2024) demonstrate that prefrontal cortical activity during uncertain decision tasks follows a pattern strikingly similar to the attention mechanisms used in transformer architectures. Their work extends the theoretical framework first articulated by (Meadows, 2008), who argued that complex systems exhibit universal structural patterns regardless of their substrate.

The seminal paper by (Vaswani et al., 2023) has fundamentally reshaped how researchers think about sequence modeling. Building on this foundation, (Kaplan et al., 2020) established the empirical laws governing how language model performance improves with scale. More recently, (Okonkwo, 2023) has shown that these scaling relationships extend to multi-agent environments, where emergent behaviors arise from the interaction of individually simple policies.

Institutional perspectives complement individual research contributions. (World Economic Forum, 2024) identifies artificial intelligence governance as one of the five critical risk vectors for the coming decade, drawing on survey data from over 1,400 global leaders.

Suppress-Author Citations

When you have already named the author in your sentence and want only the year in parentheses, use [-@key]. This avoids the redundancy of writing “Chen (Chen & Nakamura, 2024).”

Chen and Nakamura’s landmark study (2024) built on three years of preliminary data collection across twelve research sites. Meadows (2008) had anticipated many of these systemic dynamics decades earlier, though her work predated the computational tools needed to verify them empirically. The World Economic Forum (2024) has increasingly emphasized the need for adaptive governance frameworks that can respond to rapidly evolving technological landscapes.

Multi-Source Citations

Cite multiple sources in a single bracketed reference by separating them with semicolons. The citation processor sorts them according to the active style’s rules (typically alphabetical by author or chronological).

The relationship between neural architecture and cognitive function has been explored from multiple complementary perspectives (Chen & Nakamura, 2024; Kaplan et al., 2020; Okonkwo, 2023). Systems thinking provides a meta-framework for understanding how these individual findings connect to form a coherent picture of intelligence, whether biological or artificial (Meadows, 2008; Spiegelhalter et al., 1994).

Multi-source citations can also include locators on individual sources. The experimental methodology draws on established Bayesian frameworks (Chen & Nakamura, 2024, Section 2; Spiegelhalter et al., 1994, pp. 360–370) while the theoretical interpretation follows the systems dynamics tradition (Meadows, 2008, Chapter 3; World Economic Forum, 2024).

Unresolved Citations

If a citation key does not match any source in the library, it renders as a visible error marker rather than failing silently. This makes typos and missing sources easy to spot during editing.

Some researchers have explored alternative architectures that avoid attention entirely [??nonexistent2024paper]. This reference will render as a red [??nonexistent2024paper] error marker because no source with that key exists. Check the spelling of the key, or create the missing source in Admin > Engine > Sources before publishing.

Citations with Footnotes

Citations and footnotes use completely separate systems and do not interfere with each other. You can use both freely in the same post. The bibliography section appears before the footnotes section in the rendered output.

The interplay between theoretical frameworks and empirical validation represents one of the enduring challenges of interdisciplinary research (Chen & Nakamura, 2024; Meadows, 2008).¹ Some scholars argue that this tension is itself productive, forcing researchers to articulate their assumptions more precisely than they otherwise would (Spiegelhalter et al., 1994).²

Citations in Blockquotes

Citations work within blockquotes, preserving the same syntax and rendering behavior:

The fundamental insight of systems thinking is that the behavior of a system cannot be understood by examining its parts in isolation. The relationships between the parts — the feedback loops, the delays, the nonlinearities — are what generate the system’s characteristic behavior over time (Meadows, 2008, pp. 12–13).

Even nested blockquotes support citations. As the scaling laws research demonstrates, the predictable relationship between compute, data, and model performance holds across multiple orders of magnitude (Kaplan et al., 2020).

How the System Works

Rendering Pipeline

When you save a post, the following happens automatically:

The citation escaper preprocessor converts all [@key] syntax into placeholder tokens before Pandoc processes the markdown. This prevents Pandoc from interpreting or corrupting the citation syntax.
Pandoc converts the rest of the markdown to HTML as normal.
The citation renderer postprocessor finds all placeholder tokens, batch-queries the Source table for matching keys, sends the resolved CSL-JSON data to citeproc-js (running as a Node.js subprocess) for formatting, and replaces each placeholder with a styled inline citation link.
A bibliography section is automatically appended at the end of the content, listing all cited sources formatted according to the active citation style. Only sources actually referenced with [@key] appear — you cannot manually add sources to the bibliography.
PostCitation records are synced in the database, tracking which sources are cited in which posts and in what order. These records power the “Cited Sources” inline in the post admin and enable queries like “which posts cite this source?”

Citation Keys

Every source has a unique citation key — the identifier you use in [@key]. Keys are auto-generated from the first author’s family name, the year, and the first significant word of the title. For example:

Chen & Nakamura (2024), “The Neural Basis of Decision Making…” → chen2024neural
Meadows (2008), “Thinking in Systems…” → meadows2008thinking
World Economic Forum (2024), “Global Risks Report…” → worldeconomicforum2024global

When two sources would produce the same key, a letter suffix is appended: smith2024a, smith2024b. Once a key is set, treat it as permanent — changing it will break all posts that reference it.

Citation Styles

The site has a default citation style set in Admin > Site Settings > Bibliography. Individual posts can override this with a different style in the Organization & Taxonomy section of the post admin.

Available styles include: apa, mla (or modern-language-association), chicago (or chicago-author-date), chicago-notes (or chicago-notes-bibliography), ieee, harvard (or harvard-cite-them-right), vancouver, nature.

Short names like mla and chicago are aliased to their full CSL filenames automatically.

Zotero Integration

Sources can be imported from a Zotero library via Admin > Management Commands or the scheduled sync task. The sync only imports top-level items (actual sources) — child items like PDF attachments and notes are handled separately. PDFs attached to Zotero items are automatically downloaded and stored as the source’s archived file.

To set up Zotero sync: go to Admin > Site Settings > Zotero Integration, enter your numeric user ID (from zotero.org/settings/keys), select the library type, and paste your API key.

Auto-Populating Metadata

In the Source admin, the bulk actions “Fetch metadata from DOI” and “Fetch metadata from URL” query external APIs (CrossRef for DOIs, OpenGraph/meta tags for URLs) and fill in any empty fields on the selected sources. This is a one-way fill — existing data is never overwritten.

Link Rot Detection

The bulk action “Check URLs for availability” sends HTTP HEAD requests to each source’s URL and records the result. Broken URLs are automatically checked against the Wayback Machine for archived snapshots. URL health status is visible in the source list as a colored badge: green (OK), yellow (redirect), red (broken), purple (archived), gray (unchecked).

Archived Files

Sources can have an attached file (PDF, HTML, EPUB) uploaded in the File Archive section of the source admin. When a source has an archived file, a [PDF] link appears next to its bibliography entry, linking directly to the stored copy. Files are stored in R2 via the same storage backend used for media assets.

Complete Syntax Reference

Syntax	Description	Example Output
`[@key]`	Parenthetical citation	(Chen & Nakamura, 2024)
`[@key, p. 42]`	With single page	(Chen & Nakamura, 2024, p. 42)
`[@key, pp. 42-56]`	With page range	(Chen & Nakamura, 2024, pp. 42-56)
`[@key, ch. 3]`	With chapter	(Meadows, 2008, ch. 3)
`[@key, sec. 2]`	With section	(Spiegelhalter et al., 1994, sec. 2)
`[@key, vol. 5]`	With volume	(Spiegelhalter et al., 1994, vol. 5)
`[@key, fig. 2]`	With figure	(Vaswani et al., 2023, fig. 2)
`[@key, para. 3]`	With paragraph	(Vaswani et al., 2023, para. 3)
`[@key, n. 14]`	With note	(Chen & Nakamura, 2024, n. 14)
`[@key, l. 7]`	With line	(Okonkwo, 2023, l. 7)
`@key`	Narrative citation	Chen & Nakamura (2024)
`[-@key]`	Suppress author	(2024)
`[@key1; @key2]`	Multiple sources	(Chen & Nakamura, 2024; Meadows, 2008)
`[@key1, p. 5; @key2, ch. 3]`	Multiple with locators	(Chen & Nakamura, 2024, p. 5; Meadows, 2008, ch. 3)
`[@nonexistent]`	Unresolved reference	[??nonexistent]

The methodological challenges of cross-disciplinary work are well documented but rarely addressed systematically. Each field brings its own standards of evidence, its own conventions for statistical significance, and its own norms around replication.
The Bayesian vs. frequentist debate has generated enormous heat over the past century, but the practical convergence between the two frameworks in applied settings is far more notable than their philosophical divergence.

References

Chen, W., & Nakamura, Y. (2024). The Neural Basis of Decision Making Under Uncertainty. Nature Neuroscience, 27(6), 1042–1058. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-024-01632-4
Kaplan, J., McCandlish, S., Henighan, T., & Brown, T. B. (2020). Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models. Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2001.08361
Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in Systems: A Primer (D. Wright, Ed.). Chelsea Green Publishing.
Okonkwo, A. (2023). Emergent Complexity in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Environments. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Spiegelhalter, D. J., Freedman, L. S., & Parmar, M. K. B. (1994). Bayesian Approaches to Clinical Trials. In J. M. Bernardo (Ed.), Bayesian Statistics 5 (pp. 357–386). Oxford University Press.
Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., & Parmar, N. (2023, December 4). Attention Is All You Need: A Retrospective. Google Research Blog. https://research.google/blog/attention-is-all-you-need
World Economic Forum. (2024). Global Risks Report 2024. World Economic Forum. http://web.archive.org/web/20260330170418/https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-risks-report-2024/

Lorem Ipsum Dropcaps

Matthew Bryant — Wed, 16 Sep 2026 16:47:37 +0000

This paragraph has no markup of its own. Its initial comes from the post’s Dropcap setting, or from the site default when the post is set to inherit. Change either and this letter changes with it; set the post to None and it becomes an ordinary paragraph. Everything below names its style explicitly, so it stays put whatever the setting says.

The switches

A fenced block with the bare class reuses the document’s style on any paragraph, not just the first one. This is how a chapter break inside a long post gets its own initial.

Ornamented or plain, the initial here is whatever the document is using. Every other paragraph in this section uses different words so the faces can be compared, and this one shows the two-line variant next.

The lines= attribute sets the drop height, from two to six lines. Two lines suits a minor break; four is for a grand opening.

Two lines is the quiet version. The letter sits on the second baseline and the paragraph reads almost like any other, with just enough emphasis to mark a beginning without stopping the eye.

Four lines is the grand version, best kept for the start of a long piece where the extra height has room to settle. On a phone every drop shortens to two lines unless the block names a height explicitly, as this one does.

A paragraph that opens with a quotation mark keeps the mark, small and in the body face, inside the drop:

“Quotation marks that open a paragraph ride inside the drop in a smaller size,” the manual says, “so the letter still lands in the margin where it belongs.” The closing mark is left alone.

Paragraphs that do not open with a letter are left alone, so a date or a number never becomes an initial:

1601 is the year of Paulus Franck’s Schatzkammer, the source of one of the calligraphic faces below. No dropcap here, by design.

Indentation follows the initial. A paragraph carrying a dropcap drops its first-line indent, since the float already sets the line off and the indent would open a gap inside the word. The paragraph after it, this one included, indents as usual; only the paragraph with the letter is affected, and only while a style is active.

To keep the automatic initial off a post’s opening paragraph without touching the setting, wrap that paragraph in ::: {.dropcap-not}. It only matters on the first paragraph, so it is not demonstrated inline.

The catalogue

Each block names its style with ::: {.dropcap-KEY}; the key is shown with the sample. Three faces are new this round: Goudy Initialen among the classics, Deutsche Zierschrift among the blackletters, and Cheshire Initials among the decorated faces.

Classic & Roman

Cinzel

::: {.dropcap-cinzel} — Roman inscriptional capitals.

Among the oldest habits of the printed page is the enlarged opening letter, cut deep into the first lines of a chapter so the eye knows where to begin. Handbooks of the trade warned against mixing more than one initial style in a single work, advice this page ignores on purpose.

Cinzel Decorative

::: {.dropcap-cinzel-decorative} — Inscriptional capitals with flourishes.

Before movable type, the scribe left a blank square at the head of the text and a rubricator came later with red and blue ink to fill it. It is the contrast that matters: the initial should be unmistakably not the body face, or it looks like a mistake in the setting.

Cormorant Garamond

::: {.dropcap-cormorant-garamond} — Elegant Garamond with sharp serifs.

Consider how much work a single letter does here: it announces the start, sets the tone, and holds the margin like a carved post. Just as a title page sets expectations for a book, the initial sets them for a chapter, and a reader notices when it changes.

Playfair Display

::: {.dropcap-playfair-display} — High-contrast transitional display.

Decorated initials survived the transition from manuscript to press because printers wanted their books to look like the ones people already trusted. Keeping the cap on the first line and the foot on the third baseline is the whole craft; everything else is decoration.

Cardo

::: {.dropcap-cardo} — Bembo-style scholarly serif.

Every face in this catalogue was chosen for how it behaves at three lines tall, where hairlines thin out and counters either open up or fill in. Later printers cut initials in wood so they could be reused across editions, which is why the same acorn or arabesque turns up in unrelated books.

IM Fell English

::: {.dropcap-im-fell-english} — Seventeenth-century Fell types.

For a long time the initial was the only illustration a book could afford, and whole workshops specialised in nothing else. Most of these faces come from Google Fonts under the SIL Open Font License; the rest are revivals of historical initials, nearly all of them Dieter Steffmann’s.

Decorated Roman Initials

::: {.dropcap-decorated-roman-initials} — Decorated roman initials.

Gothic initials lean on vertical strokes and tight spacing, which is why they read well even when the surrounding text is a calm roman. Nothing about the letter is special in the source: it is the first character of the paragraph, wrapped so the stylesheet can enlarge it.

Goudy Initialen

::: {.dropcap-goudy-initialen} — Frederic Goudy’s floriated Lanston initials (No. 296); capitals only.

Goudy drew these floriated initials in the early 1900s, and under his direction Lanston Monotype cut the matrices and sold them as Goudy Initials No. 296. The face contains only capitals, so a paragraph opening with a lowercase letter falls back to the body face; open with a capital, as nearly every paragraph does, and the leaves and vines fill the square.

Blackletter & Medieval

UnifrakturMaguntia

::: {.dropcap-unifraktur-maguntia} — Textura-derived fraktur.

Handbooks of the trade warned against mixing more than one initial style in a single work, advice this page ignores on purpose. Ornamented initials sit inside a square, so they are sized to fill the height of three lines rather than to match a cap height.

Grenze Gotisch

::: {.dropcap-grenze-gotisch} — Contemporary blackletter.

It is the contrast that matters: the initial should be unmistakably not the body face, or it looks like a mistake in the setting. Printers called the space the initial occupies the drop, and a three-line drop was the workhorse; two lines for minor heads, four for grand ones.

New Rocker

::: {.dropcap-new-rocker} — Rock-poster blackletter.

Just as a title page sets expectations for a book, the initial sets them for a chapter, and a reader notices when it changes. Quotation marks that open a paragraph ride inside the drop in a smaller size, so the letter still lands in the margin where it belongs.

Fruktur

::: {.dropcap-fruktur} — Playful fraktur-inspired display.

Keeping the cap on the first line and the foot on the third baseline is the whole craft; everything else is decoration. Reading a page set this way is slightly slower at the start and faster after, which is roughly what the device is for.

Astloch

::: {.dropcap-astloch} — Light hairline gothic.

Later printers cut initials in wood so they could be reused across editions, which is why the same acorn or arabesque turns up in unrelated books. Script initials bring their own swashes, and those swashes overrun the letter’s own width, so they are given a wider gap from the text.

Kanzlei Initialen

::: {.dropcap-kanzlei-initialen} — Chancery blackletter initials.

Most of these faces come from Google Fonts under the SIL Open Font License; the rest are revivals of historical initials, nearly all of them Dieter Steffmann’s. The face used here inherits whatever the post or the site setting chose, unless a block like this one names a style directly.

Koenigsberger Gotisch

::: {.dropcap-koenigsberger-gotisch} — Königsberg gothic.

Nothing about the letter is special in the source: it is the first character of the paragraph, wrapped so the stylesheet can enlarge it. Under the hood a paragraph carries one extra span; the choice of face lives in the stylesheet, so switching styles costs nothing.

Grusskarten Gotisch

::: {.dropcap-grusskarten-gotisch} — Greeting-card gothic.

Ornamented initials sit inside a square, so they are sized to fill the height of three lines rather than to match a cap height. Versal letters, the tall painted capitals of medieval books, are the ancestors of everything on this page.

Hansa Gotisch

::: {.dropcap-hansa-gotisch} — Hanseatic gothic.

Printers called the space the initial occupies the drop, and a three-line drop was the workhorse; two lines for minor heads, four for grand ones. Woodcut initials were often signed with a tiny mark hidden in the foliage, the engraver’s only claim on a book that named the printer alone.

Hermann Gotisch

::: {.dropcap-hermann-gotisch} — Hermann gothic.

Quotation marks that open a paragraph ride inside the drop in a smaller size, so the letter still lands in the margin where it belongs. Xylography, the art of cutting images into wood, gave the early press nearly all of its ornament, initials included.

Westminster Gotisch

::: {.dropcap-westminster-gotisch} — Westminster gothic.

Reading a page set this way is slightly slower at the start and faster after, which is roughly what the device is for. Years of use wore the wooden blocks soft at the corners, and a worn initial is one way scholars date an unsigned printing.

Deutsche Zierschrift

::: {.dropcap-deutsche-zierschrift} — Rudolf Koch’s 1919 decorative blackletter.

Koch drew Deutsche Zierschrift for the Klingspor foundry between 1919 and 1921, a blackletter loosened into something closer to a pen hand, and the capitals carry flourishes that hang below the drop the way Koenigsberger’s do. Unlike the framed initials it comes with a full lowercase and figures, so it works as a text face as well as an opening.

Calligraphic

Berkshire Swash

::: {.dropcap-berkshire-swash} — Swashed roman capitals.

Script initials bring their own swashes, and those swashes overrun the letter’s own width, so they are given a wider gap from the text. Zeal for decoration comes and goes; the plain roman initial of the nineteenth century was a reaction to exactly the kind of page this is.

Romantik

::: {.dropcap-romantik} — Romantic decorated script capitals.

The face used here inherits whatever the post or the site setting chose, unless a block like this one names a style directly. Among the oldest habits of the printed page is the enlarged opening letter, cut deep into the first lines of a chapter so the eye knows where to begin.

Coelnische Current

::: {.dropcap-coelnische-current} — Cologne Kurrent hand.

Under the hood a paragraph carries one extra span; the choice of face lives in the stylesheet, so switching styles costs nothing. Before movable type, the scribe left a blank square at the head of the text and a rubricator came later with red and blue ink to fill it.

Paulus Franck Initialen

::: {.dropcap-paulus-franck-initialen} — After Paulus Franck’s 1601 calligraphic initials.

Versal letters, the tall painted capitals of medieval books, are the ancestors of everything on this page. Consider how much work a single letter does here: it announces the start, sets the tone, and holds the margin like a carved post.

Script

Lobster

::: {.dropcap-lobster} — Bold retro script.

Woodcut initials were often signed with a tiny mark hidden in the foliage, the engraver’s only claim on a book that named the printer alone. Decorated initials survived the transition from manuscript to press because printers wanted their books to look like the ones people already trusted.

Display & Decorative

Rye

::: {.dropcap-rye} — Western wood-type display.

Xylography, the art of cutting images into wood, gave the early press nearly all of its ornament, initials included. Every face in this catalogue was chosen for how it behaves at three lines tall, where hairlines thin out and counters either open up or fill in.

Emblema One

::: {.dropcap-emblema-one} — Inline outlined capitals.

Years of use wore the wooden blocks soft at the corners, and a worn initial is one way scholars date an unsigned printing. For a long time the initial was the only illustration a book could afford, and whole workshops specialised in nothing else.

Monoton

::: {.dropcap-monoton} — Art-deco lined display.

Zeal for decoration comes and goes; the plain roman initial of the nineteenth century was a reaction to exactly the kind of page this is. Gothic initials lean on vertical strokes and tight spacing, which is why they read well even when the surrounding text is a calm roman.

Limelight

::: {.dropcap-limelight} — Art-deco high-contrast display.

Lettres Ombrées Ornées

::: {.dropcap-lettres-ombrees-ornees} — Shaded, ornamented French capitals.

Acorn Initials

::: {.dropcap-acorn-initials} — Initials wreathed in oak leaves and acorns.

Arabesque Initialen

::: {.dropcap-arabesque-initialen} — Initials on arabesque grounds.

Typographer Woodcut Initials

::: {.dropcap-typographer-woodcut} — Woodcut-style initials.

AnnStone

::: {.dropcap-annstone} — Carved, stone-look capitals.

Cheshire Initials

::: {.dropcap-cheshire-initials} — Scanned Victorian decorated initials.

Cheshire Initials were scanned from a Victorian specimen by House of Lime, each capital wound about with tendrils inside its square, and the lowercase keys simply repeat the capitals, so this face never falls back whatever letter opens the paragraph. Like the other framed initials it is sized to fill the drop rather than to match a cap height.

Licences

The Google Fonts faces are under the SIL Open Font License. The historical initials are Dieter Steffmann’s, distributed as freeware for private and commercial use; Goudy Initialen came by way of 1001fonts and Deutsche Zierschrift from dafont. Cheshire Initials is House of Lime’s, under the 1001Fonts Free For Commercial Use licence, which permits conversion to web formats and embedding. Every face ships with its licence text beside it.